MiTiempo: Natures of the Time and the Universe

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"Existence" means there lies energy. Energy exists only at a single point of time, which is the "present". The time exists only at the present. The past is a record of past existing at the present. The future is a present expectation on what to happen in future.

space :

Space (of universe) is the area where energy is distributed.

space energy / apparent energy :

Intrinsic energy fills in the vacuum space of universe. Call it "space energy". Vibration of the space energy in the 4D space vests additional energy, which we call "apparent energy" and is our observable energy in the 3D space as light or quantum particles. Call the space energy and the apparent energy collectively as the "cosmic energy".

time and space :

Time is basically equal to a space dimension in term of existence and interaction. However, the cosmic energy is located only at a single point of time whereas it spreads out in a tremendously huge area of 3D space. 3D surface of a 4D sphere is a potential geometry giving such a distribution.

time :

Time is a dimension to trace values in space dimensions.

tracing dimension :

Define the "tracing dimension" as a dimension, by variance of which a value-change (movement) of the resting other dimensions is expressed. In order for a dimension to work as a tracing dimension, any single value of it should correspond to a single value of any resting dimension for a movement.

imaginary order of freedom :

The "imaginary order of freedom" is defined as that there is no freedom of selecting a value, and furthermore the value is not a constant but moving in a single direction (increase or decrease). A dimension showing the imaginary order of freedom when traced by other can act as an alternative tracing dimension.

original time :

The initial cosmic energy was vibration in multiple dimensions. In order to describe it as vibration, a tracing dimension is essential. The dimension showing the longest cycle in relative value change can work as a tracing dimension to express value-changes (movements) of the all other dimensions. Refer it to as the "Original time".

4D spherical universe :

The initial energy separated to two universes, in which the energy distribution spreads in 3D surface of a 4D sphere (Cosmic Separation). Then it turned to expand in the 4D space (Space Expansion).

observed Time :

The radius of the 4D sphere for the distribution of cosmic energy exhibits the imaginary order of freedom when traced by the Original time. Therefore, it can be a new tracing dimension to trace a movement in the 3D space. Refer it to as the "Observed Time".

common time :

Tracing an object (energy) targets only a single point where its space location and the time cross each other. Each place of 3D space has its own distinctive 4D vector of radius, but the absolute value is common at any location. Therefore, the Observed Time as absolute value of the radius can work as a common time for any locations of 3D space. While a movement is a change of location, we can trace it by a common time if we use the Observed Time.

chronological recording and remote tracing :

For measuring a movement, it is necessary to record respective positions of space at individual time points ("Chronological recording"). By recording measured values successively, we can measure a movement via comparing the current one with past values remaining at present. We cannot directly trace a movement because an object and its observer are different in the location. We indirectly trace it by measuring position information of an object using a device ("Remote tracing").

common measuring time and the clock :

Individual persons recognize their own time passage. Each one cannot recognize its correlation with the Observed Time, which is a common tracing dimension to all observers. Should take a movement, which varies at a uniform speed by the Observed Time, as a standard, each observer can correlate its time passage with movement of the standard. Therefore, such a standard can work as a common measuring time, which is the key nature of the "clock". By connecting plural clocks, we can share common time passage.

light :

Light is a propagation of an energy circulation in one hidden and one space dimensions. In the parallel direction to propagation, the rest mass is zero having kinetic energy. In the perpendicular direction, the energy turns to be the rest mass without kinetic energy.

light speed :

Light speed is the phase velocity, constant toward the medium (space energy) independent from emitter's movement. Along with the space expansion, the light speed slows down due to decrease of the space energy density.

quantum particle (matter) :

Energy circulation of the space energy reaching a steady state with the radius of the largest hidden dimension can be treated as a particle. The total energy works as the rest energy for further movement. A composition of one or plural energy circulations is a quantum particle.

acceleration factor :

When a circulation of the intrinsic energy moves linearly, the motion of the intrinsic energy is spiral to the medium. There is the maximum speed of energy movement, that is the phase velocity of the medium (space energy) equal to the light speed. Accordingly, the acceleration by a force depends on the speed to the medium. I newly propose an acceleration factor in the equation of motion, instead of the Lorentz factor in the special relativity.

MiTiempo : Natures of the Time and the Universe

Nature of the time and
4D Spherical Universe

3) Hubble Diagram from 4DS universe and observed data of Supernovae

Energy circulation theory

Energy Circulation Theory

Evolution to 4D spherical universe

Light Radiation

Quantum particles based on ECT

Galactic Evolution w/o Dark Matter

Quantum Mechanics from ECT

Gamma-ray Burst

Formation of Shapes of Galaxies

Electromagnetism by ECT

Dynamics by ECT

Origin of the gravitational force

MiTiempo My Time

Energy Circulation Theory (ECT)

Nature of the time and 4D Spherical Universe

3) Hubble Diagram from 4DS universe and observed data of Supernovae

Energy circulation theory

MiTiempo My Time

Energy Circulation Theory (ECT)

Nature of the time and
4D Spherical Universe